What characterizes operant conditioning?

Operant conditioning is characterized by the principle that behaviors that result in positive outcomes or rewards are more likely to be repeated in the future. This learning process involves reinforcement, where actions that lead to desirable consequences are strengthened over time. For example, if a student studies diligently and receives high grades, that positive reinforcement encourages them to continue studying in the same manner.

The focus on consequences is crucial in operant conditioning, as it emphasizes how rewards and punishments shape behavior. This is in contrast to other forms of learning, such as classical conditioning, which involves associations between stimuli, or observational learning, which relies on watching and imitating others. Instant acceptance of new information without question is also not characteristic of operant conditioning, as learning typically involves engagement and interaction with the environment rather than passive acceptance.

In summary, the correct characterization of operant conditioning lies in the relationship between behavior and its outcomes, where positive results encourage repetition of behaviors.